How Does It Work?#

VCO is a classic four-output oscillator that generates saw, square, sine, and triangle waves at the same time, with octave range selection, tuning controls, and pulse-width modulation.

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Quick Overview#

• All four waveform outputs are available simultaneously.
• Range, Pitch, and Fine set the oscillator tuning.
• PW and PW Amt control pulse-width behavior for the square path.
• V/Oct, FM, and PW Mod let the oscillator track pitch and respond to modulation.

Inputs And Outputs#

Port	Type	What It Does
V/Oct	CV	Applies 1V/oct pitch control.
FM	CV	Applies bipolar frequency modulation.
PW Mod	CV	Modulates pulse width through the PW Amt attenuator.
Saw	Audio	Sawtooth output.
Sqr	Audio	Pulse/square output.
Sin	Audio	Sine output.
Tri	Audio	Triangle output.

Controls Reference#

Control	Range	Default	Behavior
Range	32', 16', 8', 4', 2'	8'	Sets the octave footage.
Pitch	-12..12 st	0	Coarse tuning.
Fine	-20..20 ct	0	Fine tuning.
PW	0.05..0.95	0.5	Sets the base pulse width.
PW Amt	0..1	0.5	Sets how strongly PW Mod affects pulse width.

Signal Behavior#

• The oscillator starts from a C4-based core and applies Range, Pitch, and Fine before CV.
• V/Oct multiplies frequency in octave steps.
• FM applies a normalized bipolar frequency ratio on top of the current pitch.
• PW Mod is scaled by PW Amt, then clamped so pulse width stays inside the safe 0.05..0.95 range.

Output Notes#

• Saw, Sqr, Sin, and Tri come from the same oscillator core, so they stay phase-related.
• The square output is band-limited, and the triangle output is derived from the square path.
• This makes VCO a good central source when you want multiple related waveforms available at once.

Patching Ideas#

• Use Saw or Sqr as the main subtractive source and keep Sin for cleaner FM or bass layers.
• Patch an LFO into PW Mod for animated pulse-width movement.
• Split the simultaneous outputs to different filters or VCAs for parallel tone shaping.